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Climatology — GK Questions with Answers

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12 questions
  1. Why is the annual range of temperature in continental interiors higher than on coasts? 1. Thermal difference between land and water 2. Difference in altitude between continents and oceans 3. Strong winds in the interior 4. Heavier rain in the interior than on coasts (UPSC 2013)
    1. 1 only
    2. 1 and 2
    3. 2 and 3
    4. All
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    Answer: (A) 1 only

    Land heats and cools quickly while the sea evens out temperature — the reason is 1 only.

  2. Temperature usually falls as you go up from the Earth’s surface, because — 1. The atmosphere is heated only from the surface (from below) 2. The upper atmosphere has more moisture 3. The air in the upper atmosphere is thin (UPSC 2012)
    1. 1 only
    2. 1 and 2
    3. 1 and 3
    4. All
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    Answer: (C) 1 and 3

    There is less moisture higher up, not more; air is heated from below and is thin aloft.

  3. The correct order of climate regions when travelling from Zaire (DR Congo) to the Netherlands — 1. Equatorial 2. Mediterranean 3. Hot desert 4. West European (UPPCS 2002)
    1. 1, 3, 2, 4
    2. 1, 4, 2, 3
    3. 2, 3, 4, 1
    4. 3, 2, 1, 4
    Show answer

    Answer: (A) 1, 3, 2, 4

    Congo forest (Af) → Sahara (BW) → Mediterranean coast (Cs) → western Europe (Cfb).

  4. Jet aircraft fly easily in the lower stratosphere because — 1. There are no clouds or water vapour there 2. There are no vertical winds there (UPSC 2011)
    1. 1 only
    2. 2 only
    3. Both 1 and 2
    4. Neither
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    Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2

    Warm air above cold air keeps the stratosphere stable — no clouds, no convection; both statements are right.

  5. Choose the correct statements — 1. Near the Equator the year has four distinct seasons 2. In the Mediterranean region most rain falls in summer 3. A China-type climate gets rain all year 4. Tropical highlands show a vertical sequence of climates with height (UPSC 2002)
    1. 3 and 4
    2. 1, 2 and 3
    3. 1, 2 and 4
    4. All
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    Answer: (A) 3 and 4

    There are no real seasons at the Equator; Mediterranean rain falls in winter.

  6. The westerlies are stronger and steadier in the southern hemisphere because — 1. It has less land 2. The Coriolis force is greater there (UPSC 2011)
    1. 1 only
    2. 2 only
    3. 1 and 2
    4. Neither
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    Answer: (A) 1 only

    The Coriolis force is equal at equal latitudes in both hemispheres; the reason is only the open ocean.

  7. About El Niño Modoki — 1. A normal El Niño forms in the central Pacific and Modoki in the eastern Pacific 2. A normal El Niño reduces Atlantic hurricanes, while Modoki increases their number and frequency (UPSC 2010)
    1. 1 only
    2. 2 only
    3. 1 and 2
    4. Neither
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    Answer: (B) 2 only

    Statement 1 is reversed — a normal El Niño warms the eastern Pacific, Modoki the central Pacific.

  8. Which region is marked by warm dry summers, mild wet winters and evergreen oaks? (UPSC 2010)
    1. Mediterranean region
    2. Eastern China
    3. Central Asia
    4. Atlantic coast of North America
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    Answer: (A) Mediterranean region

    Dry summer, wet winter — the Cs climate.

  9. Choose the correct statements — 1. The albedo of a body decides its brightness when seen by reflected light 2. Mercury’s albedo is much greater than the Earth’s (UPSC 2008)
    1. 1 only
    2. 2 only
    3. 1 and 2
    4. Neither
    Show answer

    Answer: (A) 1 only

    Mercury’s albedo (≈ 0.09–0.14) is lower than the Earth’s (≈ 0.30) — statement 2 is wrong.

  10. Medium radio waves are reflected by which layer of the ionosphere?
    1. D layer
    2. E layer
    3. F layer
    4. Ozone layer
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    Answer: (B) E layer

    The E layer returns medium waves, the F layer short waves.

  11. Which of these local winds is cold?
    1. Chinook
    2. Sirocco
    3. Mistral
    4. Harmattan
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    Answer: (C) Mistral

    The mistral is a cold wind of the Rhône valley in southern France; the other three are hot.

  12. How do winds blow in a northern-hemisphere anticyclone?
    1. Inward, anticlockwise
    2. Outward, clockwise
    3. Inward, clockwise
    4. Outward, anticlockwise
    Show answer

    Answer: (B) Outward, clockwise

    High pressure at the centre pushes air out; Coriolis turns it right, giving a clockwise flow.

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