8 mind maps
Chapter 13 Pass English Medium Indian Polity · Constitutional & Other Bodies Elections Part XV and the Election Commission — composition, term, removal, the 2023 appointment law, every CEC and the Commission’s functions; FPTP, proportional representation and STV; adult suffrage, the electoral roll and delimitation; election officers, EVMs and VVPAT; the RP Acts, party recognition and the Model Code; landmark rulings, NOTA and exit polls; and electoral reforms from paid news to electoral bonds. Open map Chapter 14 Pass English Medium Indian Polity · Constitutional & Other Bodies Political Parties and Pressure Groups Party systems and ideology, the functions of parties, ECI recognition of national and state parties with symbols and founders, India’s coalition governments from 1977 to 2024, and pressure groups, their types, Indian examples and lobbying. Open map Chapter 15 Pass English Medium Indian Polity · Constitutional & Other Bodies Public Service Commissions Part XIV, Articles 315–323: the UPSC, state and joint commissions — appointment, term, removal and suspension, the safeguards of independence, functions, consultation and reports — plus the CVC and All India Services. Open map Chapter 16 Pass English Medium Indian Polity · Constitutional & Other Bodies Official Languages Part XVII (Articles 343–351): Hindi as the Union’s official language and the place of English, the Official Language Commission and Committee, the Official Languages Act 1963, the 22 languages of the Eighth Schedule, state languages, the language of courts and laws, safeguards for linguistic minorities and India’s 11 classical languages. Open map Chapter 18 Pass English Medium Indian Polity · Constitutional & Other Bodies Scheduled and Tribal Areas Article 244 and the two systems for tribal regions: the Fifth Schedule — President’s declaration, Governor’s report and regulations, Tribes Advisory Council and the ten Scheduled-Area states; the Sixth Schedule — ten autonomous councils in Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram, their make-up and powers; a comparison and the PESA Act, 1996. Open map Chapter 19 Pass English Medium Indian Polity · Constitutional & Other Bodies Local Government Idea and history of local self-government, decentralised planning; Balwant Rai Mehta, Santhanam, Ashok Mehta, Singhvi and other committees; the 73rd Amendment article by article with the 11th Schedule, exempt areas, PESA and the Forest Rights Act; the 74th Amendment with the 12th Schedule, planning committees and every type of urban body; co-operatives under Part IXB; problems and proposed reforms. Open map Chapter 20 Pass English Medium Indian Polity · Constitutional & Other Bodies Constitutional, Statutory & Non-Statutory Institutions The CAG (Articles 148–151) and its audits; the SC, ST and BC commissions (Articles 338, 338A, 338B); the statutory NCM, NCW, NHRC and CVC; and the non-statutory Planning Commission, NDC and NITI Aayog — with every change up to 2026. Open map Chapter 25 Pass English Medium Indian Polity · Constitutional & Other Bodies UTs, Special Provisions & Tribunals Union Territories under Part VIII — history, administration, law-making and High Courts; Jammu & Kashmir from accession to the 2019 reorganisation and after; Article 371–371J special provisions for twelve States; tribunals under Articles 323A–323B, the CAT, SATs and later reforms. Open map
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