Indian Economy English Medium

Chapter 1 Pass English Medium Indian Economy · Foundations Economics and the Economy: an Introduction The meaning and branches of economics, communism against capitalism, the types of economy, the laws of demand and supply with all their exceptions, the four factors of production, the five sectors and how countries are classified — the complete first chapter for RAS and other exams, with memory tricks, flashcards and a quiz. Open map Chapter 2 Pass English Medium Indian Economy · Foundations National Income GDP, GNP, NDP, NNP and national income as one ladder of formulas; nominal against real GDP, the GDP deflator, the new 2022-23 base year and its five changes; per capita, personal and disposable income; the three methods of calculation and GVA; the difficulties in measurement; and the whole history from Naoroji to the NSO — with memory tricks, flashcards and a quiz. Open map Chapter 3 Pass English Medium Indian Economy · Foundations Economic Growth and Development, Measures of Development The full difference between growth and development; the traditional measures of income, PPP and PQLI; the structure of the Human Development Index and its four groups; the latest figures of the Human Development Report 2025 with India set against BRICS and its neighbours; the IHDI, GDI, GII, PHDI, MPI, GNH and GHI; and the whole chain of sustainable development from Brundtland to the SDGs — with memory tricks, flashcards and a quiz. Open map Chapter 4 Pass English Medium Indian Economy · Foundations Economic Planning in India The meaning of planning, its five objectives and India's three reasons; the Harrod-Domar, Nehru-Mahalanobis, Gandhian and LPG strategies; the whole history from 1934 to 1952; all twelve Five Year Plans with their targets, results and identities; the structure of NITI Aayog, its present leadership and five differences from the Planning Commission; and the new 15-7-3 year arrangement — with memory tricks, flashcards and a quiz. Open map Chapter 1 Pass English Medium Indian Economy · Money, Banking and Prices Money and Banking The evolution of money, legal tender, demonetisation and the e-rupee; money supply from M0 to M4, the new aggregates and the money multiplier; the history of banking from 1770 and the whole story of the SBI; the structure of scheduled, commercial, specialised and cooperative banks; DFIs, NABARD, SIDBI, MUDRA and the NBFCs; and financial inclusion, the FI-Index, the NPCI and UPI — with memory tricks, flashcards and a quiz. Open map Chapter 2 English Medium Indian Economy · Money, Banking and Prices Monetary Policy and the RBI The founding of the RBI, its Governors and all seven of its functions; CRR, SLR, the Bank Rate, repo, reverse repo, MSF, SDF, OMO and LTRO as the quantitative tools; the five qualitative tools; the Urjit Patel committee and the Monetary Policy Committee; the call money market and the interest rate benchmarks from BPLR to EBLR; and the prudential norms of PSL, CAR, the Basel standards, NPAs and the FSDC — with memory tricks, flashcards and a quiz. Open map Chapter 3 Pass English Medium Indian Economy · Money, Banking and Prices Inflation What inflation means and its four types; every cause on the demand side and the supply side; its different effects on businessmen, the salaried, farmers and investors; deflation, stagflation, disinflation, reflation and headline against core inflation; the new 2022-23 WPI series and the PPI, all four categories of the CPI and the GDP deflator; and the fiscal, administrative and monetary measures against inflation — with memory tricks, flashcards and a quiz. Open map Chapter 1 Pass English Medium Indian Economy · Public Finance Fiscal Policy What fiscal policy means and its objectives; the structure of the budget — revenue and capital, receipts and expenditure; the budget’s history, process and different forms; the formulas and today’s figures for the revenue, effective revenue, fiscal and primary deficits; public debt and deficit financing; fiscal consolidation, the Laffer curve and the FRBM Act — from its original 2003 targets to Budget 2026-27 and the new debt-to-GDP target — with memory tricks, flashcards and a quiz. Open map Chapter 2 Pass English Medium Indian Economy · Public Finance The Tax System and GST The definition of tax, direct against indirect tax and three patterns of rate; the old against the new income tax regime, corporate tax, capital gains tax and the Income-tax Act 2025; the history of GST, the CGST-SGST-IGST structure, registration, the GST Council, the cascading effect and Input Tax Credit, and the new GST 2.0 rates; and ideas such as GAAR, the Tobin tax, tax havens and BEPS — with memory tricks, flashcards and a quiz. Open map Chapter 3 Pass English Medium Indian Economy · Public Finance Resource Mobilisation Where the government raises money besides tax — non-tax revenue, the three PSU ranks and the timeline of disinvestment, instruments of public debt from the Treasury Bill to the Sovereign Gold Bond, small savings schemes, PPP models such as HAM and toll, and the institutions such as the World Bank and JICA that give India foreign aid — with memory tricks, flashcards and a quiz. Open map Chapter 4 Pass English Medium Indian Economy · Public Finance Fiscal Federalism What fiscal federalism means and its base in the Constitution (Articles 265-293); vertical and horizontal transfer, and grants under Articles 275/282; the GST Council's structure, work and weaknesses; how Central Sector and Centrally Sponsored Schemes are funded, how states borrow, and Special Category Status; the Finance Commission's history from the 1st to the 16th, its chairmen, the 14th and 15th Commissions' recommendations and the 16th's 6-factor formula; and the challenges facing fiscal federalism — with memory tricks, flashcards and a quiz. Open map Chapter 5 Pass English Medium Indian Economy · Public Finance Budget 2026-27 and the Economic Survey The headline numbers of Budget 2026-27 — a total of ₹53.47 lakh crore, where the rupee comes from and goes, the deficit trend and major heads of spending; the Budget’s goals, four foundations, the near-7% growth rate and its three duties; the first duty’s manufacturing, MSME, infrastructure and financial-sector announcements; the second and third duties’ education, health, tourism, farmer, disability and North-East schemes and SHE-Mart; and Economic Survey 2025-26’s growth rate, agriculture and reforms — with tricks, flashcards and RAS Mains questions. Open map Chapter 1 Pass English Medium Indian Economy · Sectors of the Economy Agricultural Development Agriculture's role, where output stands today, and the Green Revolution; the problems of land, land records, seeds, irrigation, mechanisation and fertiliser; credit, insurance and marketing; PM-KISAN, PM-Dhan-Dhaanya, PM-KUSUM and the full working of MSP; the oilseed-pulses missions, agricultural institutions, and livestock-fisheries — with the latest 2026 updates on three government schemes, tricks, flashcards and a quiz. Open map Chapter 3 Pass English Medium Indian Economy · Sectors of the Economy The Services Sector What the services sector is and how the National Accounts classify it; its contribution to GDP, employment, FDI and exports, the trend over the years and an international comparison; tourism’s schemes and the new steps in Budget 2026-27; IT-ITeS, GCCs, research and space; transport, telecom, postal services and real estate; media, the Orange Economy, legal and accounting services; and the eight challenges facing the whole services sector — with memory tricks, flashcards and a quiz. Open map Chapter 4 Pass English Medium Indian Economy · Sectors of the Economy Infrastructure: Transport and Energy What infrastructure means and government schemes behind it (NIP, PM Gati Shakti, PRAGATI); the classification of roads, the Golden Quadrilateral and Bharatmala; the modernisation of railways and pipelines; waterways, ports and airports; the classification of energy resources, today's installed capacity and power-distribution reforms; and every source of energy — solar, wind, geothermal, bio-energy, coal and nuclear — with memory tricks, flashcards and a quiz. Open map Chapter 5 Pass English Medium Indian Economy · Sectors of the Economy Communication and Digital Infrastructure The means and importance of communication; the state of the telecom sector and its policies (NTP 2025, Sanchar Saathi, PLI); internet rates and India's Bharat 6G Vision and Mission; the Digital India Mission's 9 pillars, Mission 2.0, PM-WANI and the 2030 mobile-broadband policy; the full story of BharatNet and GramNet; and the meaning, figures and sector-wise initiatives of Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) — with memory tricks, flashcards and a quiz. Open map Chapter 1 Pass English Medium Indian Economy · People and Development Demographic Profile The three theories of demography — transition, Malthus and the optimum population; the four eras of India's population growth and the facts of Census 2011; density and the rural-urban split; age structure, the demographic dividend, the population pyramid and sex ratio; literacy, religion data and the elderly population; and SECC, NPR, Aadhaar and the National Population Policy — with fresh 2026-27 updates, three charts, flashcards and a quiz. Open map Chapter 2 Pass English Medium Indian Economy · People and Development Poverty and Unemployment What poverty means, absolute and relative poverty, the two bases of the poverty line (calories and spending); measures of poverty — the Head Count Ratio, gap indices, the Sen Index, MPI, HPI, FPI; the Lakdawala, Tendulkar, Rangarajan, Saxena and Hashim committees; poverty trends and the Gini coefficient in India and the world; ten forms of employment and unemployment, how the NSSO and PLFS measure them; and schemes such as MGNREGA, NRLM, NULM, PM SVANidhi and the Garib Kalyan Rojgar Abhiyaan — with tricks, flashcards and a quiz. Open map Chapter 3 Pass English Medium Indian Economy · People and Development Skill Development and Employment Promotion India’s workforce and its sector-wise spread, Skill India Mission and the four versions of PMKVY, skilling schemes from JSS, NAPS and SANKALP to PM Vishwakarma and the PM Internship Scheme, employment-generation schemes such as PM Vikasit Bharat Rozgar Yojana, the livelihood missions, PM-SVANidhi, PMEGP, Mudra and NCS, the new VB-GRAMG law that has replaced MGNREGA, and EPF, EPS, EDLI and the e-Shram portal — with memory tricks, flashcards and a quiz. Open map Chapter 4 Pass English Medium Indian Economy · People and Development Social Sector Schemes From MGNREGA, NRLM and skilling to PMAY, Swachh Bharat and the Jal Jeevan Mission; Ayushman Bharat and the National Health Mission; Jan Dhan, PM-KISAN, insurance-pension schemes and NSAP; ration and the Ujjwala Yojana; and Beti Bachao Beti Padhao, Mission Shakti, anganwadis and school education — every big central welfare scheme with its 2026 figures, memory tricks, flashcards and a quiz. Open map Chapter 1 Pass English Medium Indian Economy · External Sector Balance of Payments and Foreign Trade The meaning of Balance of Payments, the shape of the current and capital accounts, and India's four historical BoP phases; the rupee's exchange rate history, today's policy and FERA-FEMA; FDI, FII and their channels (P-Notes, QFI, GDR/ADR/IDR); external debt, foreign exchange reserves and NRI deposits; the size, shape and policy of India's foreign trade (FTP, from MEIS/SEIS to RoDTEP); and export promotion zones, committees and the road from GATT to the WTO — with memory tricks, flashcards and a quiz. Open map Chapter 2 Pass English Medium Indian Economy · External Sector International Economic Organisations The IMF and the World Bank Group (IBRD, IDA, IFC, MIGA, ICSID) that grew out of the Bretton Woods Conference, the WTO that replaced GATT and its agreements, UNCTAD, the regional development banks (ADB, AIIB, NDB), groupings of big economies (G7, G20, OECD, OPEC, BRICS) and regional organisations (SAARC, ASEAN, EU) — how each was founded, how it is structured, and India's place in it, along with every change up to 2026, memory tricks, flashcards and a quiz. Open map Chapter 101 Pass English Medium Indian Economy · Economy Short Tricks Economics and the Economy: an Introduction - Short Trick Short tricks for the introduction to economics — micro and macro, welfare and behavioural economics, the books of Marx and Adam Smith, communism against capitalism, communism from 1917 to 1991, the four types of economy, the six exceptions to demand and four to supply, factors of production, the three stages of development and the World Bank classification, each list in one memorable English sentence. For UPSC, SSC, state PSC and all competitive exams. Open map Chapter 102 Pass English Medium Indian Economy · Economy Short Tricks National Income - Short Trick Short tricks for national income — the four parts of the GDP definition, domestic territory, nominal and real GDP, the GDP deflator, the 2022-23 base year, the ladder from GDP to GNP, NNP and national income, market price and factor cost, personal income, ICOR, the expenditure method C + I + G + (X − M), what GDP leaves out, Naoroji, Rao and Mahalanobis, and the NSSO, CSO and NSO, each list in one memorable English sentence. For UPSC, SSC, state PSC and all competitive exams. Open map