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Environment & Ecology English Medium

Ecology and ecosystems, biodiversity, pollution, climate change, sustainable development and disasters.

6 mind maps

Chapter 21 English Medium Geography · Environment & Ecology Ecology and Ecosystem Ecology and ecosystem defined, biotic and abiotic components, trophic levels, food chains and webs, the 10% law, productivity, ecological pyramids, water, nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus and sulphur cycles, niche, species interactions, population growth, succession and the biomes of the world. Open map Chapter 22 Pass English Medium Geography · Environment & Ecology Biodiversity Levels and measurement of biodiversity (α, β, γ), its value, the tropics, coral reefs and wetlands, India's 101 Ramsar sites, hotspots, loss and the IUCN Red List, national parks, sanctuaries and biosphere reserves, ex-situ conservation, the CBD, Ramsar and World Heritage conventions, and India's tiger, elephant and other projects (updated figures). Open map Chapter 23 Pass English Medium Geography · Environment & Ecology Environmental Pollution and Management Air, water, soil, noise, marine, thermal, radioactive, solid-waste, e-waste and space pollution — causes, effects, remedies; AQI, BOD, water-borne diseases; environmental management, EIA, Constitution and EPA 1986, ISO 14000 and Ecomark; institutions, movements from Chipko to Narmada, key figures and awards. Open map Chapter 24 Pass English Medium Geography · Environment & Ecology Climate Change The greenhouse effect and gases, the latest warming figures (IPCC AR6, WMO 2025) and impacts; ozone depletion and Montreal-Kigali; UNFCCC, Kyoto, COP-15 to COP-31, the Paris Agreement, GEF-GCF-REDD+; India's NDCs up to 2035, net zero 2070 and the eight NAPCC missions. Open map Chapter 25 Pass English Medium Geography · Environment & Ecology Sustainable Development The Brundtland definition, three dimensions and five core principles, conditions and strategy, sustainable agriculture, the conferences from Stockholm to Rio+20, Agenda 21, the 17 SDGs and India's approach (CBDR, NAPCC, NDC, SDG India Index). Open map Chapter 26 Pass English Medium Geography · Environment & Ecology Disasters Earthquakes (measurement, India's seismic zones II–V), tsunamis and INCOIS, flood zones and cloudbursts, types of drought, landslides and avalanches, volcanoes, cyclones, nuclear and chemical disasters, the disaster management cycle, the 2005 Act, NDMA and NDRF. Open map