8 mind maps
Chapter 1 Pass English Medium Indian Polity · The Constitution Constitutional Development From the Regulating Act of 1773 to the Constitution of 1950 — Charter Acts, Crown rule, Councils Acts, the Acts of 1919 and 1935, the missions and plans of the 1940s, the Constituent Assembly and its committees, and the Constitution’s parts, schedules and borrowed features. Open map Chapter 2 Pass English Medium Indian Polity · The Constitution Salient Features of the Constitution The longest written constitution, its rigid-flexible amendment, parliamentary and federal government, constitutionalism, Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Duties, an independent integrated judiciary, the basic structure, adult franchise, secularism, single citizenship and the emergency provisions. Open map Chapter 3 Pass English Medium Indian Polity · The Constitution The Preamble Origin of the Preamble in the Objectives Resolution; its text and four parts; the meaning of Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic and Republic; Justice, Liberty, Equality and Fraternity; Berubari, Kesavananda and LIC cases; the 42nd Amendment and the 2024 Supreme Court ruling. Open map Chapter 4 English Medium Indian Polity · The Constitution The Union and Its Territory Union of States vs territory of India; Articles 1–4 and the First Schedule; Berubari and the 100th Amendment; integration of princely states and Part A–D states; Dhar, JVP and Fazl Ali commissions; the 1956 reorganisation; every state and UT formed or renamed since; demands for smaller states and regionalism. Open map Chapter 5 Pass English Medium Indian Polity · The Constitution Citizenship Part II (Arts 5–11) and single citizenship; who became a citizen on 26 January 1950; the five ways to acquire and three ways to lose citizenship under the 1955 Act and its amendments; CAA 2019 with its 2024 rules; the Assam NRC and Section 6A; rights only for citizens; NRIs, PIOs, OCIs, overseas voting and Pravasi Bharatiya Divas. Open map Chapter 6 Pass English Medium Indian Polity · The Constitution Fundamental Rights Part III article by article — the six groups of rights, Articles 12 and 13, equality, the six freedoms, life and liberty, exploitation, religion and minorities, the five writs, emergency suspension and the basic-structure cases, with every later change (EWS, Puttaswamy, BNSS, Article 35A). Open map Chapter 7 Pass English Medium Indian Polity · The Constitution Directive Principles of State Policy and Fundamental Duties Part IV (Arts 36–51): nature, Irish source and non-justiciability; every directive in its socialist, Gandhian or liberal basket; directives outside Part IV and later additions; how Rights and Directives differ and the case law from Champakam to Minerva Mills and the 2024 Article 39(b) ruling; uses and implementation; and the eleven Fundamental Duties of Art 51A — origin, features, enforcement and criticism. Open map Chapter 24 Pass English Medium Indian Polity · The Constitution Amendment of the Constitution Article 368 and its three kinds of majority, the steps of an amendment bill and the provisions that need the States, the basic structure doctrine from Shankari Prasad to Minerva Mills and after, every amendment from the 1st to the 106th, the 42nd and 44th in depth, and the bills up to the defeated 131st (2026). Open map
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