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Foundations English Medium

What economics and an economy are, how national income is measured, growth versus development, and how India plans.

4 mind maps

Chapter 1 Pass English Medium Indian Economy · Foundations Economics and the Economy: an Introduction The meaning and branches of economics, communism against capitalism, the types of economy, the laws of demand and supply with all their exceptions, the four factors of production, the five sectors and how countries are classified — the complete first chapter for RAS and other exams, with memory tricks, flashcards and a quiz. Open map Chapter 2 Pass English Medium Indian Economy · Foundations National Income GDP, GNP, NDP, NNP and national income as one ladder of formulas; nominal against real GDP, the GDP deflator, the new 2022-23 base year and its five changes; per capita, personal and disposable income; the three methods of calculation and GVA; the difficulties in measurement; and the whole history from Naoroji to the NSO — with memory tricks, flashcards and a quiz. Open map Chapter 3 Pass English Medium Indian Economy · Foundations Economic Growth and Development, Measures of Development The full difference between growth and development; the traditional measures of income, PPP and PQLI; the structure of the Human Development Index and its four groups; the latest figures of the Human Development Report 2025 with India set against BRICS and its neighbours; the IHDI, GDI, GII, PHDI, MPI, GNH and GHI; and the whole chain of sustainable development from Brundtland to the SDGs — with memory tricks, flashcards and a quiz. Open map Chapter 4 Pass English Medium Indian Economy · Foundations Economic Planning in India The meaning of planning, its five objectives and India's three reasons; the Harrod-Domar, Nehru-Mahalanobis, Gandhian and LPG strategies; the whole history from 1934 to 1952; all twelve Five Year Plans with their targets, results and identities; the structure of NITI Aayog, its present leadership and five differences from the Planning Commission; and the new 15-7-3 year arrangement — with memory tricks, flashcards and a quiz. Open map