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Economic Growth and Development, Measures of Development - Short Trick

Growth against development, PPP, PQLI, HDI, HDR 2025, indices and sustainable development — one sentence each

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How to read
  • Guru Ram Each coloured word = one name in the list, shown below in the same colour
  • Panda Two colours in one word = two names
  • ➜ Order the numbered order matters · ⇄ Any order no order
1

Growth against Development

The difference between the two, the two forms of growth and Todaro’s definition.

Pairs

Growth and development side by side

4 sentences

For Grace a number rises but for Dev a life changes.

Economic growth · Economic development=Growth — a rise in production, quantitative · development — production plus social change, qualitative (a structure changes)

Grace measures one thing and Dev measures many.

Economic growth · Economic development=Growth — narrow, one-dimensional, easy to measure · development — broad, multi-dimensional, hard to measure

Grace counts net income per head and Dev counts human lives.

Economic growth · Economic development=Best measure of growth — per capita Net Domestic Product (NDP) · of development — the Human Development Index (HDI)

Grace suits developed lands and Dev suits developing ones.

Economic growth · Economic development=Growth — more important for developed countries · development — for developing countries

Development needs growth, but growth alone is not enough — development should be inclusive and sustainable.

Pairs

Two forms of growth, and a definition of development

3 sentences

Extra land was ploughed for more crop.

Extensive growth=By putting in more resources — more physical, human or natural capital

Intense care got more from the same field.

Intensive growth=By using the same resources more efficiently — the form that lasts

Tony wants respect and freedom along with a better life.

Michael Todaro=Economic development — higher living standards, better self-esteem needs, freedom from oppression and more choice

2

The Traditional Measures

The yardsticks before the HDI in order, who gave PPP and the PQLI, and the PQLI’s three parts.

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3

The Human Development Index

When and by whom the HDI was made, its three factors, the limits of each indicator and the four groups.

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4

Human Development Report 2025

The first and last countries, India’s rank, BRICS and the neighbours in order, and the five GII indicators.

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5

Other Indices

Who made or publishes each index, and the four GHI indicators.

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6

Sustainable Development

Brundtland’s definition, the chain of conferences, the SDGs, and strong against weak sustainability.

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Read the full chapter for the complete notes — a trick helps you remember the list; understanding comes from the notes.