← Geography Short Tricks⚡ SHORT TRICK

Interior of the Earth and Rocks - Short Trick

Layers, discontinuities, drift, plates, rocks and soil — one sentence each

1 trick sentences3 pairs6 parts
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How to read
  • Guru Ram Each coloured word = one name in the list, shown below in the same colour
  • Panda Two colours in one word = two names
  • ➜ Order the numbered order matters · ⇄ Any order no order
1

Clues to the Interior and Seismic Waves

The artificial sources used to study the interior, and how P, S and L waves behave.

Trick 1

Artificial sources of information about the interior

⇄ Any order

Dad packed tea.

  1. Densitythe Earth’s average is ≈ 5.5 g/cm³ — about twice the surface rocks
  2. Pressure
  3. Temperaturerises about 1°C every 32 m of depth

Natural sources — volcanic eruptions and seismic waves; seismic waves are the most reliable.

Pairs

The three seismic waves

3 sentences

Priya arrives first and gets through everything.

Primary (P) wave=Fastest, arrives first · travels through solids, liquids and gases · a body wave

Seema walks only on solid ground.

Secondary (S) wave=Travels only through solids — stopped by the liquid outer core · slower than P · a body wave

A super slow truck did the most damage.

Surface (L) wave=Slowest but most destructive · travels along the surface

Body waves = P + S (through the interior) · surface waves = L (along the surface).

2

Layers and Discontinuities

Suess’s three chemical layers, the five discontinuities from top to bottom, and which layer holds which record.

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3

Continental Drift

Who proposed the ideas of moving continents and when, the parts of Pangaea, the evidence for drift and the Gondwana fossils.

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4

Plate Tectonics

The three plate boundaries, the seven major plates and the two minor plates beside the Americas.

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5

Rocks

Igneous rocks by where they set and by silica, intrusive forms, sedimentary examples and which rock turns into which.

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6

Minerals and Soil

The eight main elements of the crust in falling order, the six rock-forming minerals, the five soil-forming factors and the soil-forming regimes.

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Read the full chapter for the complete notes — a trick helps you remember the list; understanding comes from the notes.