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Emergence of European Powers in India - Short Trick

Order of arrival, factories, wars, treaties and land revenue — one sentence each

4 trick sentences5 pairs6 parts
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How to read
  • Guru Ram Each coloured word = one name in the list, shown below in the same colour
  • Panda Two colours in one word = two names
  • ➜ Order the numbered order matters · ⇄ Any order no order
1

Arrival, Founding and Factories

The order in which the five European powers arrived and were founded, their first factories, the Portuguese governors and the French settlements.

Trick 1

Order of arrival in India

➜ first to arrive first

Priya’s duck enjoyed dal fry.

  1. 1Portuguese1498 — Vasco da Gama, Calicut
  2. 2Dutch1605 — Masulipatnam
  3. 3English1608 Hawkins · 1613 Surat factory
  4. 4Danes1620 — Tranquebar
  5. 5French1668 — Surat
Trick 2

Order of founding the companies

➜ oldest first

Every duck danced freely.

  1. 1English East India Company31 December 1600 — charter of Elizabeth I
  2. 2Dutch VOC1602
  3. 3Danish East India Company1616
  4. 4French East India Company1664 — Colbert

The duck comes second both times; the Portuguese lead the arrival but are missing from the founding list — theirs was a state enterprise, not a company.

Pairs

Each company — first factory and main centres

5 sentences

Priya calls her cousin in Goa.

Portuguese=Calicut 1498 (Vasco da Gama) → factory at Cochin (1500, Cabral), capital till 1530 → Goa the capital from 1530

The duck sniffed the masala.

Dutch=First permanent factory Masulipatnam (1605) · Coromandel HQ Pulicat, later Nagapattinam · Chinsurah in Bengal (1653)

The engine runs from Surat to Bombay.

English=First factory Surat (1613, Jahangir’s farman) · western HQ Bombay from 1687 · first factory in the south Masulipatnam (1611)

Dancers rode a tram to the sea.

Danes=Tranquebar (1620, Tamil Nadu) · Serampore (1755, Bengal) · all settlements sold to the British in 1845

Frank moved from Surat to Pondy.

French=First factory Surat (1668, François Caron) · capital Pondicherry (1673) · Chandernagore in Bengal (1690)

Both the English and the French opened their first factory at Surat.

Trick 3

Three great Portuguese governors

➜ in order

The almirah’s album went to Nina.

  1. 1Francisco de Almeida1505–1509 · first governor (viceroy) · Blue Water Policy
  2. 2Afonso de Albuquerque1509–1515 · real founder · took Goa from Bijapur, 1510
  3. 3Nino da Cunha1529–1538 · moved the capital to Goa (1530) · Bassein (1534), Diu (1535)

What the Portuguese brought: tobacco cultivation and India’s first printing press, Goa (1556).

Trick 4

Five settlements France kept till after independence

⇄ Any order

Yash and Mahi ate chana after karate by the pond.

  1. Yanam
  2. Mahe
  3. ChandernagoreBengal
  4. Karaikal
  5. Pondicherrythe capital — founded by François Martin
2

Company Milestones — Who Did What

Farmans, founders of the presidency towns and the big names of the French company.

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3

From the Carnatic to Buxar

The three Carnatic Wars, and the battles that put the English ahead of their rivals.

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4

Mysore, Marathas and Sikhs

Treaties and battles of the wars against the three big Indian powers, and the Governors-General of the time.

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5

Wars with Neighbours

Governors-General in the Burmese and Afghan wars, and the treaties with Nepal, Burma and Afghanistan.

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6

Land Revenue and Economic Colonialism

Who set up the three land-revenue systems, and R.P. Dutt’s three phases.

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Read the full chapter for the complete notes — a trick helps you remember the list; understanding comes from the notes.