← Polity Short Tricks⚡ SHORT TRICK

Emergency Provisions - Short Trick

Articles 352–360, National Emergency, the 44th Amendment, President’s Rule and Financial Emergency — one sentence each

0 trick sentences11 pairs4 parts
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How to read
  • Guru Ram Each coloured word = one name in the list, shown below in the same colour
  • Panda Two colours in one word = two names
  • ➜ Order the numbered order matters · ⇄ Any order no order
1

Remember the Articles

Part XVIII — Articles 352 to 360 (and 365) — the last two digits in a familiar picture.

Pairs

Emergencies — the article (last two digits)

11 sentences

The national anthem lasts fifty-two seconds.

National Emergency=Art 352 — war, external aggression or armed rebellion · only on the Union Cabinet’s written advice

Effects of fifty-three medicines

Effects of the proclamation=Art 353 — the Union may direct any State on any matter · Parliament may legislate even on the State List

Rent shared by fifty-four families

Revenue sharing — the President may alter it=Art 354 — the order lasts at most until the end of the financial year in which the emergency ends; laid before Parliament

Protect fifty-five trees.

Protecting every State — the Union’s duty=Art 355 — against external aggression and internal disturbance, and to see that its government runs by the Constitution

Prem ate a fifty-six-dish feast.

President’s Rule in a State=Art 356 — breakdown of constitutional machinery in a State · on the Governor’s report “or otherwise”

The lawmakers went on leave for fifty-seven days.

Law-making powers of the State — used by Parliament=Art 357 — during 356 Parliament passes the State’s laws and budget, and may hand that power to the President

Six friends dozed off by themselves after fifty-eight minutes.

Six freedoms (Art 19) — suspended automatically=Art 358 — only on war or external aggression, without any order (not on armed rebellion)

The court was shut for fifty-nine days.

Court remedies — suspended by Presidential order=Art 359 — the right to move court for the rights named in the order is suspended; the rights themselves are not erased · on any of the three grounds

Fiona has sixty rupees in her purse.

Financial Emergency=Art 360 — threat to financial stability or credit · never used

Directions ignored sixty-five times

Directions ignored by a State=Art 365 — if a State ignores Union directions, the President may treat it as a breakdown of constitutional machinery

Emergency lights twenty and twenty-one never go off.

Emergency — still protected=Arts 20 (protection in respect of conviction) and 21 (life and personal liberty) can never be suspended — 44th Amendment, 1978

Rows 1, 5, 9 and the last are worded exactly as in the other polity chapters · 352 opens Part XVIII, 360 closes it, 356 sits in the middle — 9 Articles · in an emergency the federation works almost like a unitary state.

2

National Emergency

The three grounds, the three times it was used, the special sitting and the 44th Amendment changes.

3

All Three — Approval and Duration

Within how long, by what majority, and for how long.

4

President’s Rule and Financial Emergency

The conditions for going past a year, Bommai, the commissions’ advice and the effect of a Financial Emergency.

Read the full chapter for the complete notes — a trick helps you remember the list; understanding comes from the notes.