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The Judiciary - Short Trick

Articles, writs, judges, High Courts, landmark judgments and Lok Adalat — one sentence each

1 trick sentences14 pairs5 parts
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How to read
  • Guru Ram Each coloured word = one name in the list, shown below in the same colour
  • Panda Two colours in one word = two names
  • ➜ Order the numbered order matters · ⇄ Any order no order
1

Articles and Writs

The most-asked Articles of the Supreme Court (124–147) and High Courts (214–231), and the five writs.

Pairs

Subject — Article

12 sentences

Esther lit one hundred twenty-four lamps.

Establishment of the Supreme Court=Art 124 — composition, appointment of judges (124(2)), qualifications (124(3)) and removal (124(4))

An ad break of one hundred twenty-seven seconds

Ad hoc judges=Art 127 — if there is no quorum the CJI, with the President’s prior consent, calls a High Court judge

A red bus numbered one twenty-eight

Retired judges sitting in the Court=Art 128 — the CJI, with the President’s prior consent, may request a retired judge to sit

A record of one hundred twenty-nine runs

Court of record; contempt=Art 129 — judgments kept as evidence and precedent · punishes contempt of itself (up to 6 months’ jail or ₹2,000 fine) · High Courts — Art 215

Deepu took bus one thirty.

Seat — Delhi=Art 130 — Delhi, or any other place the CJI fixes with the President’s approval

Origami with one hundred thirty-one folds

Original jurisdiction=Art 131 — Union vs States and disputes between States · water disputes (Art 262), Finance Commission matters (Art 280) and pre-Constitution treaties kept out

Special leave of one thirty-six days

Special leave to appeal=Art 136 — discretionary, from any court or tribunal · armed-forces courts (court martial) excluded

A review of one hundred thirty-seven films

Review of its own judgments=Art 137 — corrects a mistake in its own judgment

A complete set of one hundred forty-two stamps

Complete justice=Art 142 — any decree or order for complete justice · supplements the law, cannot override an express statute (Supreme Court Bar Association, 1998)

The adviser answered one hundred forty-three letters.

Advisory jurisdiction of the Supreme Court=Art 143 — the President asks; the Court may decline · Berubari (1960)

Five kids on one bench

Constitution Bench=Art 145(3) — at least 5 judges · the largest bench ever, 13 judges — Kesavananda Bharati (1973)

A transfer to a town two hundred twenty-two km away

Transfer of High Court judges=Art 222 — the President, after consulting the CJI, may move a judge to another High Court even without consent

Supreme Court — Part V, Arts 124–147 · High Courts — Part VI, Arts 214–231 (swap the 1 and 2 of 124 to get 214) · subordinate courts — 233–237 · 141 — the Supreme Court’s law binds all courts · 146 — staff appointed by the CJI · 215 — High Courts are courts of record · 217 — High Court judges’ qualifications · 224 — additional judges (up to 2 years) · 227 — superintendence · 231 — common High Court · 233 — district judges appointed by the Governor · 235 — High Court control over subordinate courts.

Pairs

Writs — which court

2 sentences

Remo has all thirty-two teeth.

Right to Constitutional Remedies=Art 32 — the Supreme Court’s writs are for Fundamental Rights only · the remedy is itself a Fundamental Right, so the Court cannot refuse

A highway bus numbered two twenty-six

High Court writ power=Art 226 — Fundamental Rights and “any other purpose” · discretionary, may refuse

Trick 1

The five writs

➜ in the order of the writ table

Have many people come quietly?

  1. 1Habeas corpus“have the body” — frees a person from unlawful detention
  2. 2Mandamus“we command” — orders a public body to do its duty
  3. 3Prohibition“to forbid” — stops a lower court going beyond its jurisdiction
  4. 4Certiorari“to be certified” — quashes an order already passed
  5. 5Quo warranto“by what authority” — questions a right to hold public office

The same sentence is in the Fundamental Rights chapter.

2

Judges — Qualifications, Appointment, Removal

Supreme Court vs High Court, the removal procedure, the Judges cases and the Chief Justices’ records.

3

The High Courts

The seven High Courts serving more than one State/UT, Gauhati’s four States, and seats away from the capital.

4

Landmark Judgments

From amending Fundamental Rights to privacy, the internet and equal shares — what each case held.

5

Lower Courts and Dispute Resolution

Gram Nyayalayas, the mobile court, Lok Adalat, free legal aid, the AIJS, plea bargaining and the ADR ladder.

Read the full chapter for the complete notes — a trick helps you remember the list; understanding comes from the notes.