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Genetics and Evolution — GK Questions with Answers

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7 questions
  1. Which of Mendel's laws states that the two alleles of a parent separate into different gametes?
    1. Law of Dominance
    2. Law of Segregation
    3. Law of Independent Assortment
    4. none of these
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    Answer: (B) Law of Segregation

    The Law of Segregation says that when gametes form, the two alleles of a parent separate, so each gamete carries only one allele.

  2. What is the standard F2 ratio obtained in a dihybrid cross?
    1. 3 : 1
    2. 1 : 2 : 1
    3. 9 : 3 : 3 : 1
    4. 9 : 7
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    Answer: (C) 9 : 3 : 3 : 1

    When two traits are inherited together, the F2 generation shows a 9 : 3 : 3 : 1 ratio, which demonstrates the law of independent assortment.

  3. What decides the sex of a human child?
    1. the mother's egg
    2. the father's sperm
    3. both equally
    4. nothing decides it
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    Answer: (B) the father's sperm

    The mother always contributes an X-carrying egg, while the father can contribute either an X or a Y sperm, so the sex of the child is decided by the father's sperm.

  4. How are haemophilia and colour blindness inherited?
    1. dominant, autosomal
    2. recessive, X-linked
    3. co-dominant, autosomal
    4. recessive, Y-linked
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    Answer: (B) recessive, X-linked

    Both of these disorders are caused by recessive genes located on the X chromosome, which is why they are seen far more often in men.

  5. According to Darwin's theory, how does evolution take place?
    1. through inheritance of acquired characters
    2. through natural selection
    3. through sudden mutation alone
    4. through artificial selection
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    Answer: (B) through natural selection

    Darwin showed that the environment selects, from among the variations that arise in a population, those individuals that are better suited to the surrounding conditions — this is natural selection.

  6. What category of organ are a bat's wing and a human's arm?
    1. analogous
    2. homologous
    3. vestigial
    4. a connecting link
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    Answer: (B) homologous

    Both organs share the same basic underlying structure even though they serve different purposes, which is what makes them homologous organs.

  7. Who discovered the first evidence of Homo erectus, and where?
    1. Raymond Dart, in South Africa
    2. Eugene Dubois, in Java
    3. Charles Darwin, in England
    4. Hugo de Vries, in Holland
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    Answer: (B) Eugene Dubois, in Java

    Eugene Dubois discovered the first evidence of Homo erectus in Java in 1891 and named it Pithecanthropus erectus.

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