NoteThis is the Extra Practice set: lots of questions. To learn the methods first, read the main chapter of the same topic (the one without “Extra Practice” in its name), then practise here.
Just as you pay rent to use a car, you pay “rent” for using someone’s money — that is interest. The money borrowed is the principal (P), the yearly rent rate the rate of interest (R%), the period for which it is kept the time (T), and the total returned the amount (A). In simple interest the interest is charged each year only on the original sum, so it is the same every year.
∑ Formula
SI=100P×R×T,A=P+SI=P(1+100RT)
The two core formulas
P
principal
R
rate per annum (%)
T
time (in years)
A
amount
1
The formula and its four forms
Finding any one of SI, P, R, T
Given three of the four quantities, finding the fourth.
Interest, principal, rate, time
Turning the formula around
The formula for each variable and solved examples.
To find
Formula
SI
100PRT
P
RTSI×100या100+RTA×100
R
PTSI×100
T
PRSI×100
Example 1 · Basic
Find the simple interest and the amount on ₹7,500 at 8% per annum for 3 years.
Solution, step by step
1SI=1007500×8×3=1800.
2Amount =7500+1800=9300
Answer₹1,800 and ₹9,300
Example 2 · Standard
A sum amounts to ₹7,200 in 4 years at 5% simple interest per annum. What was the sum?
Solution, step by step
1A=P(1+1005×4)=1.2P.
2P=1.27200=6000
Answer₹6,000
Example 3 · Standard
₹4,000 earned ₹960 simple interest in 3 years. What is the rate per annum?
Solution, step by step
1R=4000×3960×100.
2=8%
Answer8%
Example 4 · Advanced
Part of ₹15,000 is lent at 6% and the rest at 8% per annum, and the total interest in 1 year is ₹1,060. How much is at 8%?
Solution, step by step
1If all were at 6% the interest would be 900. The gap is 1060−900=160.
2Each rupee at 8% adds 2% extra ⟹ the 8% part =0.02160=8000.
Answer₹8,000
BasicTry it yourself first
What is the simple interest on ₹3,000 at 6% per annum for 4 years?
BasicTry it yourself first
What is the simple interest on ₹5,600 at 5% per annum for 2 years?
StandardTry it yourself first
What is the simple interest on ₹12,500 at 7.5% per annum for 3 years?
BasicTry it yourself first
₹2,000 is lent at 10% simple interest per annum for 3 years. What is the amount?
StandardTry it yourself first
₹8,400 is lent at 6.5% simple interest per annum for 5 years. What is the amount?
BasicTry it yourself first
A sum at 10% simple interest per annum amounts to ₹5,600 in 4 years. What was the principal?
StandardTry it yourself first
A sum at 6% simple interest per annum amounts to ₹13,000 in 5 years. What was the principal?
AdvancedTry it yourself first
A sum at 7.5% simple interest per annum amounts to ₹15,600 in 4 years. What was the principal?
BasicTry it yourself first
₹2,000 earns ₹400 simple interest in 4 years. What is the rate per annum?
StandardTry it yourself first
₹7,500 earns ₹1,350 simple interest in 3 years. What is the rate per annum?
AdvancedTry it yourself first
₹16,000 earns ₹3,520 simple interest in 2.5 years. What is the rate per annum?
BasicTry it yourself first
In how many years will ₹4,000 become ₹5,200 at 10% simple interest per annum?
StandardTry it yourself first
In how many years will ₹6,500 become ₹8,255 at 7.5% simple interest per annum?
AdvancedTry it yourself first
In how many years will ₹9,000 become ₹11,340 at 4% simple interest per annum?
Units of time
Days · months · half-years · quarters
If the rate is yearly, convert the time to years; if it is half-yearly or quarterly, convert it to a yearly rate.
Time
In years
1 month
121
3 months
41
9 months
43
73 days
36573=51
146 days
52
RememberA half-yearly rate means that much interest every 6 months; the yearly rate is double. For a quarterly rate it is four times. In simple interest there is no interest on interest, so simply converting to a yearly rate works.
When counting days, the day the money is deposited is not counted but the day it is withdrawn is. Usually 1 year = 365 days.
Example 5 · Standard
What is the simple interest on ₹14,600 at 10% per annum for 146 days?
Solution, step by step
1T=365146=52 year.
2SI=14600×10010×52=584
Answer₹584
Example 6 · Standard
Find the simple interest on ₹6,000 at 3% half-yearly for 2 years.
Solution, step by step
1Annual rate =3×2=6%.
2SI=1006000×6×2=720
Answer₹720
Example 7 · Standard
In what time will ₹8,000 become ₹9,080 at 4.5% simple interest per annum?
Solution, step by step
1Interest =9080−8000=1080.
2T=8000×4.51080×100=3 years
Answer3 years
BasicTry it yourself first
What is the simple interest on ₹10,000 at 6% per annum for 73 days? (1 year = 365 days)
StandardTry it yourself first
What is the simple interest on ₹18,250 at 6% per annum for 146 days? (1 year = 365 days)
AdvancedTry it yourself first
What is the simple interest on ₹21,900 at 5% per annum for 219 days? (1 year = 365 days)
BasicTry it yourself first
What is the total simple interest on ₹5,000 at 2% half-yearly for 3 years?
StandardTry it yourself first
What is the total simple interest on ₹8,000 at 1.5% quarterly for 2 years?
StandardTry it yourself first
What is the total simple interest on ₹12,000 at 4% half-yearly for 2.5 years?
AdvancedTry it yourself first
What is the total simple interest on ₹15,000 at 2.5% quarterly for 3 years?
StandardTry it yourself first
A man borrows ₹20,000 at 6% per annum and lends the same sum at 8.5%. What is his gain in 3 years?
AdvancedTry it yourself first
A man borrows ₹36,000 at 7.25% per annum and lends the same sum at 9%. What is his gain in 4 years?
2
n times, two sums and two amounts
Interest from multiples of the principal
How many times the sum grows, how much interest and how long; and finding the principal from two amounts.
A sum becoming n times
Interest =(n−1)× principal
Rate-time relations when a sum doubles, triples, and so on.
∑ Formula
R=T(n−1)×100,T=R(n−1)×100
A sum becomes n times in T years
Idea: becoming n times means amount =nP, i.e. interest =(n−1)P. When the interest multiple grows, time grows in the same ratio: if T1 years make it n1 times, then it takes T2=T1×n1−1n2−1 years to make it n2 times.
Example 8 · Standard
At simple interest a sum becomes 3 times in 12 years. Find the rate and how long it takes to become 7 times.
Solution, step by step
1Rate =12(3−1)×100=1632%.
2For 7 times: T=12×26=36 years.
Answer1632% and 36 years
Example 9 · Standard
A sum doubles in 6 years. In how many years will it become 5 times?
Solution, step by step
1Interest multiples: 1 → 4.
2Time =6×2−15−1=24 years
Answer24 years
BasicTry it yourself first
A sum becomes 2 times itself in 8 years at simple interest. What is the rate per annum?
StandardTry it yourself first
A sum becomes 3 times itself in 16 years at simple interest. What is the rate per annum?
StandardTry it yourself first
A sum becomes 5 times itself in 20 years at simple interest. What is the rate per annum?
AdvancedTry it yourself first
A sum becomes 4 times itself in 30 years at simple interest. What is the rate per annum?
BasicTry it yourself first
A sum becomes 2 times in 5 years. In how many years will it become 4 times at the same rate?
StandardTry it yourself first
A sum becomes 3 times in 10 years. In how many years will it become 6 times at the same rate?
AdvancedTry it yourself first
A sum becomes 4 times in 12 years. In how many years will it become 11 times at the same rate?
Two sums, two amounts
Take the difference
The gain from borrowing and lending, the difference of two rates, a split sum and two amounts.
Two amounts (A1 after T1 years, A2 after T2 years): interest per year =T2−T1A2−A1; principal =A1−T1× (interest per year).
Difference of two rates: difference in interest =100P(R2−R1)T.
A sum in two parts: one part x, the other S−x; form the total-interest equation, or assume the whole sum at one rate and find the gap.
Equal interest gives P1R1T1=P2R2T2.
Example 10 · Standard
A sum amounts to ₹6,500 in 3 years and ₹7,500 in 5 years at simple interest. Find the principal and the rate.
₹12,000 is invested partly at 6% and the rest at 9% simple interest per annum for 2 years, giving ₹1,800 in all. How much was at 6%?
Solution, step by step
1If all were at 6% the interest would be 10012000×6×2=1440. The gap is 360.
2Each rupee at 9% adds 3%×2=6% ⟹ the 9% part =0.06360=6000; so the 6% part is also ₹6,000.
Answer₹6,000
Example 12 · Standard
The difference between the simple interest on a sum for 3 years at 5% and at 8% per annum is ₹630. Find the sum.
Solution, step by step
1Difference in rates =3%, time 3 years ⟹ difference in interest =9% of P.
2P=9630×100=7000
Answer₹7,000
Example 13 · Standard
Ramesh borrows ₹40,000 at 7% and lends it at 9.5%. What is his gain in 3 years?
Solution, step by step
1Yearly gain =40000×1009.5−7=1000.
2In 3 years =3000
Answer₹3,000
StandardTry it yourself first
A man borrows ₹25,000 at 6% per annum and lends the same sum at 9.5%. What is his gain in 2 years?
BasicTry it yourself first
A sum amounts to ₹4,800 in 2 years and ₹5,600 in 4 years at simple interest. What is the principal?
StandardTry it yourself first
A sum amounts to ₹9,300 in 3 years and ₹10,500 in 5 years at simple interest. What is the principal?
AdvancedTry it yourself first
A sum amounts to ₹15,600 in 4 years and ₹17,400 in 6 years at simple interest. What is the principal?
StandardTry it yourself first
The difference between the simple interest on a sum for 3 years at 6% and at 8.5% per annum is ₹600. What is the sum?
AdvancedTry it yourself first
The difference between the simple interest on a sum for 4 years at 5.5% and at 9% per annum is ₹2,100. What is the sum?
StandardTry it yourself first
A sum of ₹10,000 is partly invested at 6% and the rest at 9% simple interest per annum for 2 years, earning ₹1,440 in all. How much is invested at 6%?
AdvancedTry it yourself first
A sum of ₹15,000 is partly invested at 5% and the rest at 8% simple interest per annum for 3 years, earning ₹2,790 in all. How much is invested at 5%?
StandardTry it yourself first
On what sum will the simple interest in 4 years at 6% equal the interest on ₹6,000 at 8% in 3 years?
AdvancedTry it yourself first
On what sum will the simple interest in 3 years at 5% equal the interest on ₹7,500 at 6% in 4 years?
3
Payment by instalments
Interest on the time each instalment stays unpaid
Comparing a cash price with an instalment scheme; the value of equal instalments.
Equal monthly instalments
No interest on the last instalment
Each instalment carries interest for the months it stays unpaid.
In n equal monthly instalments the last instalment is paid on the day the debt ends — no interest on it. The one before was paid a month early, so the lender’s money earned an extra month — interest of 1 month on it; likewise the first instalment carries (n−1) months of interest. Hence the balance =nx+x×1200R×2n(n−1), with x each instalment.
Example 14 · Standard
A TV costs ₹15,300 cash, or ₹3,000 down and the rest in 4 equal monthly instalments. The rate is 20% per annum (simple). Find each instalment.
Solution, step by step
1Balance =12300. Formula: 4x+x×120020×6=12300 (the instalments are 3, 2, 1, 0 months late: 6 months in all).
24.1x=12300 ⟹ x=3000
Answer₹3,000
Example 15 · Standard
An article of ₹7,600 is sold for ₹2,500 down and 5 equal monthly instalments at 12% per annum (simple). Find each instalment.
Solution, step by step
1Balance =5100. Formula: 5x+x×120012×10=5100.
25.1x=5100 ⟹ x=1000
Answer₹1,000
BasicTry it yourself first
An article costs ₹7,600 cash, or ₹2,500 down and the rest in 5 equal monthly instalments. The company charges 12% simple interest per annum. What is each instalment?
StandardTry it yourself first
An article costs ₹20,000 cash, or ₹3,640 down and the rest in 4 equal monthly instalments. The company charges 18% simple interest per annum. What is each instalment?
StandardTry it yourself first
An article costs ₹18,500 cash, or ₹3,000 down and the rest in 6 equal monthly instalments. The company charges 16% simple interest per annum. What is each instalment?
AdvancedTry it yourself first
An article costs ₹18,000 cash, or ₹2,700 down and the rest in 3 equal monthly instalments. The company charges 24% simple interest per annum. What is each instalment?
AdvancedTry it yourself first
An article costs ₹20,000 cash, or ₹3,300 down and the rest in 8 equal monthly instalments. The company charges 15% simple interest per annum. What is each instalment?
AdvancedTry it yourself first
An article costs ₹25,000 cash, or ₹4,100 down and the rest in 10 equal monthly instalments. The company charges 12% simple interest per annum. What is each instalment?
4
Traps and fast tricks
Slips · tricks
Where marks are lost in simple interest.
The commonest mistakes
Six traps
The slips that cost marks.
Trap 1Not converting time to years. 9 months =43 year, not 9.
Trap 2Treating the amount as the principal. “Became ₹5,000” means interest = 5,000 − principal.
Trap 3Using n as the interest multiple when a sum becomes n times. The interest is (n−1) times.
Trap 4Reading a half-yearly rate as yearly. 3% half-yearly = 6% yearly.
Trap 5Charging every instalment the same interest. The first carries the most months, the last none.
Trap 6Mixing 360 and 365 days. Use what the question says; if nothing is said, 365.
Fast tricks
Multipliers and ratios
Tricks that shorten the work.
Amount multiplier:1+100RT. 5%, 4 years ⟹ ×1.2; 8%, 5 years ⟹ ×1.4.
If two of P, R, T change, use ratios: interest ∝P×R×T.
For a sum to double:R×T=100.
For n times:RT=(n−1)×100.
Equal interest at different rates:P1R1T1=P2R2T2.
Example 16 · Standard
At some rate a sum triples in 8 years. In how many years will it become 5 times at the same rate?
Solution, step by step
1Interest multiples 2 → 4 (double).
2Time also doubles: 16 years
Answer16 years
5
The practice ladder
Basic → standard → advanced
New questions of every type, in three levels.
Level 1 — Basic
Direct rules
One-rule questions.
BasicTry it yourself first
What is the simple interest on ₹4,500 at 8% per annum for 2 years?
BasicTry it yourself first
What is the simple interest on ₹10,000 at 5% per annum for 3 years?
BasicTry it yourself first
₹6,000 is lent at 5% simple interest per annum for 4 years. What is the amount?
BasicTry it yourself first
₹3,500 is lent at 10% simple interest per annum for 2 years. What is the amount?
BasicTry it yourself first
A sum at 10% simple interest per annum amounts to ₹6,500 in 3 years. What was the principal?
BasicTry it yourself first
A sum at 5% simple interest per annum amounts to ₹5,400 in 4 years. What was the principal?
BasicTry it yourself first
₹5,000 earns ₹1,500 simple interest in 3 years. What is the rate per annum?
BasicTry it yourself first
₹8,000 earns ₹960 simple interest in 2 years. What is the rate per annum?
BasicTry it yourself first
In how many years will ₹5,000 become ₹6,500 at 6% simple interest per annum?
BasicTry it yourself first
In how many years will ₹2,500 become ₹3,000 at 4% simple interest per annum?
BasicTry it yourself first
What is the simple interest on ₹36,500 at 5% per annum for 73 days? (1 year = 365 days)
BasicTry it yourself first
What is the total simple interest on ₹4,000 at 3% half-yearly for 2 years?
BasicTry it yourself first
A sum becomes 3 times itself in 10 years at simple interest. What is the rate per annum?
BasicTry it yourself first
A sum becomes 2 times in 4 years. In how many years will it become 3 times at the same rate?
BasicTry it yourself first
A man borrows ₹10,000 at 5% per annum and lends the same sum at 7%. What is his gain in 2 years?
BasicTry it yourself first
A sum amounts to ₹5,600 in 2 years and ₹5,900 in 3 years at simple interest. What is the principal?
BasicTry it yourself first
The difference between the simple interest on a sum for 2 years at 4% and at 6% per annum is ₹200. What is the sum?
BasicTry it yourself first
A sum of ₹4,000 is partly invested at 5% and the rest at 10% simple interest per annum for 1 year, earning ₹300 in all. How much is invested at 5%?
BasicTry it yourself first
On what sum will the simple interest in 5 years at 4% equal the interest on ₹4,000 at 5% in 2 years?
BasicTry it yourself first
An article costs ₹7,600 cash, or ₹2,500 down and the rest in 5 equal monthly instalments. The company charges 12% simple interest per annum. What is each instalment?
Level 2 — Standard
Two ideas combined
Exam-level questions.
StandardTry it yourself first
What is the simple interest on ₹16,800 at 6.5% per annum for 4 years?
StandardTry it yourself first
What is the simple interest on ₹27,500 at 8% per annum for 2.5 years?
StandardTry it yourself first
₹14,400 is lent at 7.5% simple interest per annum for 4 years. What is the amount?
StandardTry it yourself first
A sum at 6% simple interest per annum amounts to ₹9,440 in 3 years. What was the principal?
StandardTry it yourself first
A sum at 7% simple interest per annum amounts to ₹11,520 in 4 years. What was the principal?
StandardTry it yourself first
₹9,600 earns ₹2,304 simple interest in 4 years. What is the rate per annum?
StandardTry it yourself first
₹12,500 earns ₹1,875 simple interest in 2 years. What is the rate per annum?
StandardTry it yourself first
In how many years will ₹8,000 become ₹10,400 at 6.5% simple interest per annum?
StandardTry it yourself first
In how many years will ₹12,000 become ₹15,600 at 5% simple interest per annum?
StandardTry it yourself first
What is the simple interest on ₹29,200 at 5% per annum for 146 days? (1 year = 365 days)
StandardTry it yourself first
What is the total simple interest on ₹9,000 at 2.5% quarterly for 3 years?
StandardTry it yourself first
What is the total simple interest on ₹7,500 at 3.5% half-yearly for 2 years?
StandardTry it yourself first
A sum becomes 4 times itself in 12 years at simple interest. What is the rate per annum?
StandardTry it yourself first
A sum becomes 6 times itself in 25 years at simple interest. What is the rate per annum?
StandardTry it yourself first
A sum becomes 2 times in 9 years. In how many years will it become 5 times at the same rate?
StandardTry it yourself first
A sum becomes 3 times in 8 years. In how many years will it become 7 times at the same rate?
StandardTry it yourself first
A man borrows ₹45,000 at 6.5% per annum and lends the same sum at 8%. What is his gain in 3 years?
StandardTry it yourself first
A sum amounts to ₹10,350 in 3 years and ₹12,150 in 7 years at simple interest. What is the principal?
StandardTry it yourself first
A sum amounts to ₹7,360 in 2 years and ₹9,280 in 6 years at simple interest. What is the principal?
StandardTry it yourself first
The difference between the simple interest on a sum for 2 years at 5% and at 7.5% per annum is ₹600. What is the sum?
StandardTry it yourself first
A sum of ₹12,000 is partly invested at 6% and the rest at 8% simple interest per annum for 3 years, earning ₹2,460 in all. How much is invested at 6%?
StandardTry it yourself first
A sum of ₹12,000 is partly invested at 4% and the rest at 7% simple interest per annum for 2 years, earning ₹1,200 in all. How much is invested at 4%?
StandardTry it yourself first
On what sum will the simple interest in 3 years at 6% equal the interest on ₹9,000 at 7% in 2 years?
StandardTry it yourself first
An article costs ₹20,000 cash, or ₹3,640 down and the rest in 4 equal monthly instalments. The company charges 18% simple interest per annum. What is each instalment?
StandardTry it yourself first
An article costs ₹18,500 cash, or ₹3,000 down and the rest in 6 equal monthly instalments. The company charges 16% simple interest per annum. What is each instalment?
Level 3 — Advanced
Many steps and clever thinking
Questions at the hard end of competitive exams.
AdvancedTry it yourself first
What is the simple interest on ₹38,500 at 7.25% per annum for 3.5 years?
AdvancedTry it yourself first
A sum at 7.5% simple interest per annum amounts to ₹19,250 in 5 years. What was the principal?
AdvancedTry it yourself first
A sum at 6.5% simple interest per annum amounts to ₹27,800 in 6 years. What was the principal?
AdvancedTry it yourself first
₹28,000 earns ₹8,820 simple interest in 3.5 years. What is the rate per annum?
AdvancedTry it yourself first
In how many years will ₹24,000 become ₹30,960 at 4.5% simple interest per annum?
AdvancedTry it yourself first
What is the simple interest on ₹43,800 at 7.5% per annum for 219 days? (1 year = 365 days)
AdvancedTry it yourself first
What is the total simple interest on ₹24,000 at 2.25% quarterly for 4 years?
AdvancedTry it yourself first
A sum becomes 5 times itself in 22 years at simple interest. What is the rate per annum?
AdvancedTry it yourself first
A sum becomes 8 times itself in 28 years at simple interest. What is the rate per annum?
AdvancedTry it yourself first
A sum becomes 3 times in 9 years. In how many years will it become 8 times at the same rate?
AdvancedTry it yourself first
A sum becomes 5 times in 20 years. In how many years will it become 9 times at the same rate?
AdvancedTry it yourself first
A man borrows ₹64,000 at 6.75% per annum and lends the same sum at 8.25%. What is his gain in 2.5 years?
AdvancedTry it yourself first
A sum amounts to ₹17,925 in 3 years and ₹22,800 in 8 years at simple interest. What is the principal?
AdvancedTry it yourself first
A sum amounts to ₹24,780 in 2 years and ₹30,450 in 5 years at simple interest. What is the principal?
AdvancedTry it yourself first
The difference between the simple interest on a sum for 3 years at 6.25% and at 9.75% per annum is ₹2,940. What is the sum?
AdvancedTry it yourself first
The difference between the simple interest on a sum for 2.5 years at 4.5% and at 7.5% per annum is ₹2,700. What is the sum?
AdvancedTry it yourself first
A sum of ₹20,000 is partly invested at 7% and the rest at 11% simple interest per annum for 4 years, earning ₹6,880 in all. How much is invested at 7%?
AdvancedTry it yourself first
A sum of ₹24,000 is partly invested at 5.5% and the rest at 8.5% simple interest per annum for 3 years, earning ₹4,770 in all. How much is invested at 5.5%?
AdvancedTry it yourself first
On what sum will the simple interest in 6 years at 5% equal the interest on ₹12,500 at 6.5% in 3 years?
AdvancedTry it yourself first
On what sum will the simple interest in 5 years at 6% equal the interest on ₹16,000 at 7.5% in 2 years?
AdvancedTry it yourself first
An article costs ₹18,000 cash, or ₹2,700 down and the rest in 3 equal monthly instalments. The company charges 24% simple interest per annum. What is each instalment?
AdvancedTry it yourself first
An article costs ₹20,000 cash, or ₹3,300 down and the rest in 8 equal monthly instalments. The company charges 15% simple interest per annum. What is each instalment?
AdvancedTry it yourself first
An article costs ₹25,000 cash, or ₹4,100 down and the rest in 10 equal monthly instalments. The company charges 12% simple interest per annum. What is each instalment?
6
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